In a cPanel hosting account, your website files typically reside in the "public_html" directory.
This is the root directory for your website.
Other directories such as "public_ftp" and "mail" may also exist for specific purposes.
You may use File Manager under Server Utilities to navigate, upload and extract files to your public_html or www root folder. You website's files should be placed here in order for it to be publicly accessible.

Instead of using File Manager, you may also use FTP client like CoreFTP or CuteFTP or Filezilla to upload via FTP port 21 with your credential and password.
If you are concern about uploading using unencrypted FTP session, you may also use SFTP or SSH to connect and upload your site data.